Surrogacy Laws by U.S. State (Map)

Surrogacy laws vary widely across the United States. Some states have clear legal pathways and protections for intended parents and gestational carriers, while others have restrictions—or offer no legal guidance at all.

This interactive map provides an overview of surrogacy-related laws in each state, including key considerations such as parentage rights, pre-birth orders, and LGBTQ protections. You’ll also find information about abortion policy and relevant statutes where applicable.

How to use this map:

To explore surrogacy laws in a particular state, simply hover over the state on the map. A detailed summary will appear with the following information:

Whether the state is considered surrogacy-friendly
Whether the state has specific surrogacy laws or statutes
Availability of pre-birth parentage orders
Requirements for genetic links or marital status
LGBTQ-related legal considerations
Birth certificate labeling for LGBTQ parents
Abortion policy and recent legal updates

Map legend:

• Dark Green – Surrogacy-Friendly with Comprehensive Laws
• Light Green – Surrogacy-Friendly or Neutral, May Lack Specific Statutes
• Orange – Significant Legal Restrictions or Unclear Legal Framework
• Yellow – Legal but with More Complications or Judicial Variability
• Red – Surrogacy Prohibited or Extremely Limited

Disclaimer: This map is intended for informational purposes only and should not be interpreted as legal advice. Surrogacy laws are complex and can change over time. Always consult a qualified surrogacy attorney to obtain the most accurate, up-to-date, and state-specific legal guidance for your situation.

Surrogacy Laws by U.S. State (A-Z)

Alabama

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Code of Ala. § 26-10A-12 Code of Ala. § 26-10A-27 Code of Ala. § 26-17-702
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Yes
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except in cases where “necessary in order to prevent a serious health risk to the unborn child’s mother.”

Alaska

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	No Restriction

Arizona

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Contracts void and unenforceable
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Arizona Revised Statute § 25-218
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, with conditions
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Yes
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	No
Abortion Policy	15 weeks

Arkansas

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Arkansas Code § 9-10-201
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except to “save the life of a pregnant woman in a medical emergency.”

California

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Cal. Fam. Code §§ 7960-7962, 7613
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability
Abortion Details	A constitutional amendment states that “the state shall not deny or interfere with an individual’s reproductive freedom in their most intimate decisions.”

Colorado

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Mother and Mother, Father and Father, Parent and Parent, Mother and Parent
Abortion Policy	No Restriction

Connecticut

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-48a
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Yes
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability

Delaware

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Del. Code Ann. tit. 13, § 8-801 through § 8-810
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability

Florida

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Fla. Stat. § 742.15
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	As of May 1, 2024, abortion is banned after six weeks of pregnancy, replacing the previous 15-week ban.
Abortion Details	The six-week ban includes exceptions up to 15 weeks in cases of rape, incest, or human trafficking, provided proper documentation is presented. Exceptions also exist to save the life of the pregnant person or prevent serious physical impairment.

Georgia

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Fetal heartbeat, ~six weeks

Hawaii

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	No
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Yes
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability

Idaho

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	No
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Mother and Mother, Father and Father, Parent and Parent, Mother and Parent
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except in cases of rape or incest reported to law enforcement or when the procedure is “necessary to prevent the death of the pregnant woman.”
Abortion Details	The Idaho Supreme Court ruled in 2023 that access to abortion is not a fundamental right in the state constitution.

Illinois

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	750 ILCS 47/1 – 47/75
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Unnecessary
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Co-Parent and Co-Parent
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability

Indiana

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Contracts void and unenforceable
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Indiana Code 31-20-1-1
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Limited instances
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Varies
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Limited exceptions for rape, incest, the health of the mother and for cases of lethal fetal anomalies.

Iowa

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Iowa Code 710.11
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Partially
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Yes
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Yes [must include both parents’ names on the child’s birth certificate, regardless of gender]
Abortion Policy	22 weeks
Abortion Exemptions	A law that would make abortion illegal after about six weeks has been temporarily blocked.
Abortion Details	In February, the state’s medical board clarified how that law would take effect if the block is lifted.

Kansas

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes, regardless of genetic link
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Yes
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	22 weeks
Abortion Details	In an August 2022 statewide referendum, Kansans voted to uphold the right to an abortion.

Kentucky

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Varies
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Unclear
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except when necessary “to prevent the death or substantial risk of death due to a physical condition, or to prevent the serious, permanent impairment of a life-sustaining organ of a pregnant woman.”

Louisiana

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	No
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 9:2713
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Limited
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Yes
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	No
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except in the case of medical emergency or if the pregnancy is “medically futile.”

Maine

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	19-A M.R.S. § 951 et seq.
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability
Abortion Exemptions	Except in cases where it is necessary to preserve the life or health of the mother or when a physician believes it is medically necessary.

Maryland

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	In re Roberto d.B. (2003)
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	No Restriction
Abortion Details	A constitutional amendment that would enshrine the right to an abortion in the state constitution will go before voters in November 2024.

Massachusetts

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Specific Law or Statute	Hodas v. Morin Culliton v. Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ct. R.R. v. M.H.
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	24 weeks

Michigan

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	House Bill 5215 (2023)
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Unclear
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability
Abortion Details	In 2022, voters enshrined the right to an abortion into the state constitution. The state’s “Reproductive Health Act” recently reduced barriers to abortion access.

Minnesota

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Varies
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Varies
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Varies
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	No Restriction
Abortion Exemptions	Except if they are performed in a hospital or if a physician says it is necessary for the life or health of the mother.
Abortion Details	As of January 2023, Minnesota law states that “every individual has a fundamental right to make autonomous decisions about the individual’s own reproductive health.”

Mississippi

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Likely
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except when “necessary for the preservation of the mother’s life or where the pregnancy was caused by rape” that was reported to law enforcement.

Missouri

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Possible post-birth
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except “in cases of medical emergency.”

Montana

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	15 weeks
Abortion Exemptions	Several laws passed in 2023 face legal challenges and are temporarily blocked.
Abortion Details	Senate Bill 154: The right to privacy protected by the state constitution does not include the right to an abortion.

Nebraska

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	No
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-21, 200
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	No
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Yes
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	12 weeks
Abortion Details	The current ban became law in 2023, and remains in effect despite ongoing legal battles.

Nevada

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Nev. Rev. Stat. § 126.500-126.810
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	24 weeks
Abortion Details	A bill that would put protections for abortion into the state constitution was advanced by lawmakers in 2023.

New Hampshire

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 168-B
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	24 weeks

New Jersey

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	N.J. Stat. Ann. § 9:17-60 et seq.
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	No Restriction

New Mexico

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	No Restriction

New York

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Significant Restrictions
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Child Parent Security Act (CPSA)
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent; Mother and Mother; Father and Father.
Abortion Policy	No Restriction
Abortion Details	Abortion is fully legal in New York with no restrictions. In 2024, voters approved a constitutional amendment that protects reproductive rights, including abortion access, under the state’s Equal Rights Clause.

North Carolina

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Varies
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	12 weeks
Abortion Exemptions	Except when the life of the pregnant woman is in danger, exceptions for rape or incest through 20 weeks of pregnancy and exceptions for “life-limiting” fetal anomalies through 24 weeks.
Abortion Details	In September 2023, two provisions in the law were blocked from taking effect.

North Dakota

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	N.D. Cent. Code § 14-18
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except “to terminate a pregnancy that resulted from gross sexual imposition, sexual imposition, sexual abuse of a ward, or incest” or “to prevent the death of the pregnant female.”

Ohio

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Specific Law or Statute	Relevant case law J.F.v.D.B.,879N.E.2d740 (2007)
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, typically
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Varies
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Varies
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No, if married
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent/Mother/Father
Abortion Policy	22 weeks
Abortion Exemptions	A law that would ban abortion after about six weeks of pregnancy is blocked by a preliminary injunction.
Abortion Details	Voters enshrined access to abortion into the state constitution in November 2023.

Oklahoma

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	OK HB2468
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes, unless they are recipients of embryo donation
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Courts in Oklahoma do not grant second parent adoptions.
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Father and Mother
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except when necessary to preserve the life of the woman or if “the pregnancy is the result of rape, sexual assault, or incest that has been reported to law enforcement.”
Abortion Details	The state Supreme Court ruled that the state constitution protects the “inherent right of a pregnant woman to terminate a pregnancy when necessary to preserve her life.”

Oregon

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 109.239-109.247
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent 1 and Parent 2
Abortion Policy	No Restriction

Pennsylvania

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Specific Law or Statute	Relevant case law J.F.v.D.B.,897 A.2d1261 (2006)
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Varies
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Varies
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Varies
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Mother/Parent and Father/Parent
Abortion Policy	24 weeks

Rhode Island

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Uniform Parentage Act
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, but one parent must be US resident
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability

South Carolina

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Specific Law or Statute	Relevant case law Mid-South Ins. Co. v. Doe
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No, if married
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Mother and Father
Abortion Policy	Fetal heartbeat, ~six weeks
Abortion Exemptions	A “fetal heartbeat” bill bans most abortions at around six weeks of pregnancy.

South Dakota

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	No
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except when “necessary to preserve the life of the pregnant female.”

Tennessee

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Significant Restrictions
Has Specific Laws	No
Specific Law or Statute	Relevant case law Tenn. Code Ann. §36-1-102(50)
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, but one parent must be related to the child
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Yes
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Father and Father; Mother and Mother.
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Except when “necessary to prevent the death of the pregnant woman or to prevent serious risk of substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function.”
Abortion Details	Doctors are allowed to use “reasonable medical judgment” to determine the medical necessity of an abortion to save the mother’s life.

Texas

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 160.751-160.763
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Varies
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent OR Father and Father
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	A bill clarifying the instances in which life-saving care to save the mother is legal was passed in June 2023.
Abortion Details	The bill also legalized abortions in specific cases such as ectopic pregnancy or when the fetus cannot survive. It took effect in September 2023.

Utah

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Utah Code Ann. § 78B-15-801 et seq.
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No, if married
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	18 weeks
Abortion Details	The state has restricted abortions indirectly through a law that prevents abortion clinics from obtaining or renewing licenses to practice.

Vermont

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 15C
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	No Restrictions
Abortion Details	Voters passed Proposal 5 in 2022 via a statewide referendum, which enshrines a right to reproductive freedom in the state’s constitution.

Virginia

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Significant Restrictions
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Va. Code Ann. § 20-156 et seq.
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Court-approved model
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Yes
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Yes
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No, if married
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Third trimester

Washington

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Wash. Rev. Code § 26.26A.700 et seq.
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability

West Virginia

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	W.VA Code §61-2-14h(e)(3)
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No, if married
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	Banned
Abortion Exemptions	Exemptions for rape, incest and when medically necessary to save the life of the mother, applicable up to eight weeks for adults and up to 14 weeks for those under 18.

Wisconsin

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	Paternity of F.T.R., Rosecky v. Schissel, 2013 WI 66, 349 Wis. 2d, 833 N.W.2d 634
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Varies
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	Varies
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	Varies
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Varies
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent 1 and Parent 2
Abortion Policy	22 weeks

Wyoming

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	WY Stat. §35-1-401(xiv)
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes, but parents must be residents of WY for at least one year
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	Varies
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Mother/Parent or Father/Parent
Abortion Policy	Restricted at viability
Abortion Exemptions	Except “when necessary to preserve the woman from a serious risk of death or of substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function,” or if the pregnancy is the result of incest or rape.
Abortion Details	While the state constitution gives adults the right to “make health care decisions,” the “Life is a Human Right Act” passed in 2023 explicitly states “abortion as defined in this act is not health care.” That determination is being challenged in court.

Washington D.C.

Considered Surrogacy-Friendly	Yes
Has Specific Laws	Yes
Specific Law or Statute	DC Law 21-0255
Is Pre-Birth Order Available?	Yes
Genetic Link Required for pre-birth order?	No
Marriage Required for non-genetic parents?	No
Second Parent Adoption Required for LGBTQ?	No
LGBTQ Birth Certificate	Parent and Parent
Abortion Policy	No restrictions
Abortion Details	Abortion at any stage of pregnancy is legal – including late-stage and third trimester procedures. The Council also passed two laws in 2022 that secure D.C. as a safe haven for all people’s reproductive freedom — B24-0808, the Human Rights Sanctuary Amendment Act of 2022 and B24-0726, the Enhancing Reproductive Health Protections Amendment Act of 2022.